Chemistry Brooks Homework

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January 17 2012 Notes

Þ   Not all carbon compounds are organic

Þ   Two carbon compounds that are not organic:

·      Oxide of carbon (carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide)

·      Carbonate (Bicarbon, carbonic acid

Hydrocarbon: Made of Carbon and Hydrogen CH

Carbohydrate: Made of Carbon, Hydrogen and Oxygen CHO

ORGANIC COMPOUNDS

·      Examples: Vinegar, vinyl, mothballs, propane,

·      Depends on the # of bonds

·      When you are naming them, anything larger than propene you have to tell where the double bond is.

Alkane- all single bonds between C’s

·      Calculate the number of hydrogen: 2n+2 (2 x the number of carbons plus 2)

o   Methane: C₁H₄ (Natural Gas, really)

o   Ethane: C₂H₆

o   Propane: Used to light your grill

o   Butane: disposable lighters

Alkene- one double bond between 2 c’s

·      Calculate the number of hydrogen: 2n (2 times the number of carbon)

o   Ethene C₂H₄ (The reason why fruits mature, they give off Ethylene gas)

o   2- Pentene (the 2 doesn’t affect the number of hydrogen, it tells you where the double bond is)  C₅H₁₀

Alkyne- one triple bond between 2 C’s

·      Calculate the number of hydrogen: 2n-2

o   1-butyne: C₄H₆

o   Ethyne C₂H₂ (used for welding)

Diene- two double bonds between C’s

·      Calculate the number of hydrogen: 2n-2

o   1, 3-pentadiene C₅H₈

Cyclic- C’s bond in a ring

·      Calculate the number of hydrogen: 2n

·      Cyclohexane C₆H₁₂