US History

TEST Tomorrow:

Study your guided readings and the following:

https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B2mk7v8cXovLOHdEM3ZUdFZ2WFk/view?usp=sharing

Chapter 6 Progressive Movement

Progressivism:

A movement that started in the 1890’s promoting new ideas and honest and efficient government to bring about social justice (fairness). Promoted reforms of politics, business and society.

                       

PRESIDENTS:

  Theodore Roosevelt

·       Supported powerful corporations that were efficient and did business fairly              

  William Howard Taft

·       Was the president after (succeeded) President Roosevelt                             

  Woodrow Wilson:  

·       He was a leading force in the progressive movement. He reintroduced the income tax and lowing tariffs.

MUCKRACKERS: Journalists

  Upton Sinclair :

·       The author of “The Jungle” which exposed unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry.

  Ida Tarbell:

·       Was an American teacher, author and journalist. She was one of the leading "muckrakers" of the progressive era of the late 19th and early 20th centuries and is thought to have pioneered investigative journalism

  Jacob Riis:

·       The author of “How the other Half Lives”

  Lincoln Steffens:

·       Lincoln Joseph Steffens was a New York reporter who launched a series of articles in McClure's that would later be published together in a book titled The Shame of the Cities

REFORMS

  Direct Primary:

·       A primary in which members of a party nominate its candidates by direct vote.

  Initiative:

·       Is a law that originated by the people; it gathers signatures for a petition to put proposed law

on the next ballot. (vote)

  Referendum

·       It allows citizens to approve or reject laws passed by legislature

  Recall:

·       Enables voters to remove public officials from elected positions by forcing another election.

  Suffrage:

·       The right to vote

  16^th Amendment:

·       Established Federal Income Tax system

·        “The congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes on income”

  17^th Amendment:

·       Established popular vote for Senators

·       The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two Senators from each state, elected by the people.

  18^th Amendment:

·       Prohibition (illegal to drink alcohol)

·       The manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the US and all territory is hereby  prohibited

  19^th Amendment:

·       Gave women right to vote

·       The right of citizens of the US to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the US or by any state on account of sex

 

ACTS:

Meat Inspection Act

·       Law that required federal inspections of meat processing factories.

Pure Food and Drug Act

·       Law that placed regulations on interstate trade of Food and Drugs to keep truth in labeling and safe standards.

ICC: Interstate Commerce Act:

·       to regulate the railroads. The Supreme Court interprets the ICC's powers so narrowly that it is rendered essentially powerless by the early twentieth century.

Hepburn Act:

·       Passed at President Roosevelt's request, expanding the powers of the ICC beyond railroads to express companies and other forms of transportation (like ferries, sleeping-car companies, etc.). The ICC can now reduce rates that it finds unreasonable.

Clayton Anti-Trust Act

·       Protected labor unions and limited businesses ability to exploit workers

Federal Reserve Act

·       Established that government could regulate the interest rates of private banks and influence the money supply

Federal Trade Commission

In 1914, was created by the Federal Trade Commission Act. It’s goal was to protect consumers and eliminate monopolies.

Keating-Owen Child Labor Act

·       Also known as Wick’s Bill, enacted by Congress to address child labor by prohibiting the sale of goods made by factories with children under 14, in mines with children younger than 16 and place where children worked at night or more than eight hours a day.

BOOKS:

The Jungle:

·       Book that Upton Sinclair wrote about unsanitary conditions in the meat-packing industry.

How The Other Half Lives

·       Was written by Jacob Riis

20 Years at Hull House

·       Written by Jane Adams from her experiences at a Hull House.

Shame of the Cities

·       is a book by Lincoln Steffens. Published in 1904, it is a collection of articles, which Steffens had written for McClure’s Magazine.

TERMS:

Suffrage

·       the right to vote in political elections

Prohibition

·       (Alcohol Illegal) Act of prohibiting (not allowing) the manufacturing (making), storage in barrels, bottles, transportation and sale of alcohol including alcoholic beverages. The term can also apply to periods in the histories of countries during which the prohibition of alcohol was enforced.

Scientific Management

·       Management of a business, industry, or economy, according to principles of efficiency derived from experiments in methods of work and production, especially from time-and-motion studies.

Robert M. LaFollette

·       A supporter of progressivism and a vocal enemy of railroad trusts, bossim, World War 1 and the League of Nations. Was a republican politician and ran for President but lost.

National Women’s Suffrage Association

·       Was formed on May 15, 1869 in New York City. The National Association was created in response to a split in the American Equal Rights Association over whether the woman's movement should support the Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution. was the result of a merger between two rival factions- the National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA)  led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony, and the American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA), led by Lucy Stone, Henry Blackwell, and Julia Ward Howe.

“Perfect 36”

·       1920, Tennessee became the Perfect 36. That is, it became the final state needed to ratify the 19th Amendment which gave women the right to vote in America

Anne Dallas Dudley

·       A prominent activist in the women's suffrage movement in the United States.

Harry Burn

·       Was a member of the Tennessee General Assembly for McMinn County, Tennessee. Burn became the youngest member of the state legislature when he was elected at the age of twenty-two. After much debating and argument of the 19^th Amendment, the result of the vote was 48-48. Burn's vote broke the tie in favor of ratifying the amendment.

Gifford Pinchot

·       is known for reforming the management and development of forests in the United States and for advocating the conservation of the nation's reserves by planned use and renewal.

Underwood Tariff

·       re-imposed the federal income tax following the ratification of the 16^th Amendment and lowered basic tariff rates from 40% to 25%. It was signed into law by President Woodrow Wilson on October 3, 1913,

“Bull Moose” Party