World History

Outline of Chapter 17 World History

The Enlightenment and the American Revolution 1700-1800

Section 1 Philosophy in the Age of Reason

Natural law-rules discoverable by reason, that is how things in the world work you can find out about by thinking about them

Thomas Hobbes-a thinking man(philosopher) that thought powerful government was the answer to the problems in the world. Thought that people were bad and the people needed a king to rule over them.  He wrote a book called Leviathan. 

John Locke-thought that people were good and did not need a lot of government in their lives.  Wrote Two Treatises of Government. Believed in limited government and more freedom for people

Social Contract-an agreement by which people give up their freedom for an organized society.  Such as one in which a king rules over them

Natural Right-a right that belonged to people from birth. The right to life, liberty and the right to own property.

Philosophe-French word meaning philosophers, people who think for a living.

Montesquieu-wrote The Spirit of the Laws, believed in government in 3 branches-legislative, executive and judicial.

Voltaire-wrote about the social problems of his day, complained about the Catholic Church and the French government.

Diderot-wrote the Encyclopedia, he wanted to change how people thought, believed in freedom of expression(to say what is on your mind)

Rousseau-thought that people were good, set forth his ideas in the Social Contract, believed in limited government and more freedom for people

Laisse faire-a way of thinking that allowed business to operate with little or no government

Adam Smith-wrote The Wealth of the Nations, he thought that free trade and businesses should be allowed their own activity.

1.    Use each above bold faced words in sentences. (12 sentences)