1. Declaration of Independence ten terms and answer questions on page 43
2. Chapter 2 Section 1 and 2 (1-6) for each
Today we went over the Hippo Questions: Students need to have these copied into their notes (See below)
Also remember that you can get extra credit if you campaign for the republicans or democrats
NOTES:
HippoCampus Questions Related to
Chapter 2
Enlightenment Political Philosophies
1)
Explain the Age of Reason (also
known as the enlightenment) (1650 – 1800)
The
Enlightenment, Age of Reason
established the idea that the natural world is best understood through close
observation and reason. (In the past they just looked at scripture
2)
What did the following philosophers
write and explain their philosophies:
o
Thomas Hobbes
HOBBES
WROTE:
§ The Leviathan in1651, which described his
belief that in nature, people would be in a constant state of conflict and
insecurity, looking out only for themselves and their interests. His theory
suggested that government is necessary to give people peace and security.
HOBBES
BELIEVED:
§ Thomas Hobbes believed that people were insecure
and greedy. We need government to keep us in our place. He believed the
relationship
o
John Locke
LOCKED WROTE: Two
Treatises of Government in
1690
§The Two Treatises of Government: rejected the claim
that kings and queens had a "divine right" to rule.
LOCKE
BELIEVED:
§He rejected the divine right. Government rules with
the consent of the people. He believed that if we give government the power to
rule us. If government becomes too oppressive then we have the right to rebel.
§Locke believed instead that governments were created
among naturally free people as social contracts and that rulers derived their
authority from the consent of the governed. He argued that the government must
act for the good of everyone and that people had the right to rebel if it
failed to protect their "self-evident" natural rights of life,
liberty, and property.
§Locke held that people have certain natural or
"self-evident" rights, such as life, liberty, and property, which the
government must respect. He understood that a government with great power might
be tempted to abuse its power. To avoid this temptation, Locke proposed that
government should be divided into different branches, each branch having only
the power needed to fulfill its function.
§John Locke
states that when government becomes oppressive people have the right to rebel.
Example:
you see that all over the world. People who have controlling government, people
are protesting
§Thomas Jefferson
incorporated many of them into the Declaration of Independence. Locke's ideas
about limited, democratic government, the right to rebel, and the opportunity
to pursue natural rights clearly influenced Jefferson then and continue to
influence government workings today.
o
Jean-Jacques Rousseau (French political philosopher)
ROUSSEAU
WROTE: The Social Contract, 1743
ROUSSEAU
BELIEVED:
§
Rousseau believed that in
nature, people would languish. That people are so focused on survival and
protecting themselves and their things that their lives would never be
fulfilling. He argued that living in a society provides people the security and
freedom to develop new skills, which in turn strengthened the society and led to
growth.
§
Rousseau also believed that people
have a social responsibility and civic duty to be involved in their governance.
Example: This idea of social
responsibility is evident in the United States. At the local level, communities
have citizens' police advisory boards and school boards, and at the
international level are the Peace Corps and the Red Cross.
HippoCampus Questions Related to
Chapter 2
Articles of Confederation
1.
What powers were concluded in Ben Franklin’s
proposal in the Albany plan of the union?
a.
Power to
organize military forces
b.
Regulate trade
c.
Collect taxes
2.
What were the accomplishments achieved by the
northwest ordinance?
a.
Established a
method for new state creation
b.
Outlawed
slavery in the new territory
c.
Set aside land
for education
Examples: Ohio, Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, and Wisconsin
3.
What were the shortcomings of the articles of
confederation? Pg.
45 Weaknesses of the articles of confederation.
Weaknesses:
Power to levy Questions, No Courts, No power to levy taxes, No power to
regulate commerce, No power to create a federal army, cannot enforce law on
states or individuals.
4.
What were the anti-federalists against the
ratifications of the United States constitution?
Anti
–federalist were against the articles of because they were scared of a strong
central government and it lacked a bill of rights.
5.
Disclaim Shays Rebellion.
Farmers
could not pay their taxes and were about to foreclose ont heir land. Farmers
were upset and started to rebel.
6. What did
Shays Rebellion accomplish?
Legislature branch of government gave them
debt relief and it proved that the articles of confederation were weak.
Extra Questions:
1.
What is a confederation?
Alliance of sovereign states to
come together for a common cause
Example: EU European Union
2.
The
states wanted a soft government?
So their individual rights would not be
trampled on my a strong government
HippoCampus Questions Related to
Chapter 2
Declaration of
Independence
- What was King George III’s reaction to Thomas Paines’ Common
Sense?
He hired mercenaries to crush any
resistance
- Who helped to draft the Declaration of Independence?
Committee: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams,
Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson to prepare a formal
declaration.
- Who was the main author of the Declaration of
Independence?
Thomas
Jefferson, the youngest member of the Congress and the delegate who received
the most votes in the selection process, to write the first draft. Jefferson
spent the next two weeks writing. The committee refined and edited the
manuscript before submitting a final version to the Continental Congress on
June 28, 1776.
- Who or what documents had an influence on the main
author of the Declaration of Independence.
From discussion from the continental congress
From other proclamations
From Thomas
Paine's Common Sense
From state
constitutions
From
British Tradition
- According to the video, the Declaration of
Independence is comprised of what 3 parts? List and explain each part.
1.
Preamble:
Natural Rights of Man Kind
2.
Lists
of grievances/complaints against King George III
3.
Declaration
of independence from Great Britain.
- When was the Declaration of Independence
ratified?
July 4, 1776
- What did Benjamin Franklin mean when he stated, “We
must all hang together, or assuredly, we will all hang separately?”
It bounded them together in brotherhood because if they did
not hang together then King George would have killed them one by one.
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