Chemistry Coulter

ALKANES

PROPERTIESOF ALKANES

1.    Non Polar (They DON’T DISSOLVE (insoluble)IN WATER)

2.    Less dense than water (THEY FLOAT ONWATER)

a.   Density of Water 1g/ml

b.   If less than one.. it means it floats

3.    Colorless, odorless, tasteless

MEMBERSOF ALKANES

The first four members of the alkane series areGASES

1.    Methane (Natural Gas) C1

2.    Ethane C2

3.    Propane C3

4.    Butane C4

1.     METHANE (Natural Gas)

a.   Natural gas: is methane 80% and 10% ofeverything else (ethane, etc.)

b.   Less dense (lighter) than air so naturalgas rises

c.    Add Sulfur to make smell and be able todetect it. Smells like rotten cabbage.

                                              i.     (SULFUR)Methyl Mercaptan CH₃SH

d.   USED FOR: used in home to heat your house,home heating, natural gas

2.     ETHANE

a.   USED FOR: alcohol (ethanol)

FAMILIAR FUELS

3.     PROPANE

a.   USED FOR: Cooking and Heating, BBQ with

           

4.     BUTANE

a.   USED FOR: Disposable Cigarette Lighters

LIGHTER ALKANES

1.    C₅-C₁₂

2.    Are GREAT SOLVENTS (dissolves a lot of things) They dissolvemany organic substances

3.    C₅-C₁₂ dissolve body oils

a.     5-Pentane

b.     6-Hexane

c.     7-Heptane

d.     8-Octane

e.     9-Nonane

f.      10-Decane

HEAVY ALKANES

·       C₁₇ and above

·       Skin Emollients/SkinSofteners

o  VASELINE,Mineral Oils, Baby Oil, Lotion

REACTIONS OF ALKANES

·       NORMAL CONDITIONS: Relatively Unreactive under normal conditions

·       NOT NORMAL CONDITIONS: Very Flammable so if you light a match theywill burn

·       Theyare reactive at room temperature, we call them paraffin’s (Latin Word: Parum Affinis, LittleAffinity)

GASOLINE

·       Composed of a mixture ofhydrocarbons (a complex mixture of alkanes)

·       A complex mixture ofisomers

·       The octane rating of gas

o  BEST GAS: Isooctane (2, 2, 4,trimethyl pentane)

§  100 Octane Rating

§  It’s Branches: GOOD

o  WORST GAS: n- Heptane

§  O Octane Rating

§  Straight Chain: BAD

·       Catalyst: causes it to branch, which is good

·       Tetraethyllead: Was in gas in the 70’s. When you burn this gas,lead was coming out in fumes. It causes health problems. EPA: Environmental Protection Agency: Told the oil companies thatthey had to get it out of gas.

o  Thatis why it is unleaded now.

Alkyl Halide

·       HALOGENS: Iodine,Bromine, Fluorine, Chlorine