All Government Notes/PowerPoints in Google Docs:
https://docs.google.com/leaf?id=0B2mk7v8cXovLNWVlZDA1OGMtODZhNS00ZWUyLTlhNmItZDI0NmU0ODBkOGQ2&hl=en_US
1. Legislative Power (duty) (1) to make laws
2. Executive Power (1) enforces the laws made by the legislative branch. Head of executive branch is the president.
3. Judicial Power (1) to interpret the laws
4. Clemency (24) to give mercy or leniency forgiveness of a crime, mercy or the cancelation of the penalty.
Example. President Clinton granted Clemency (mercy) to Kemba Smith to get to get our of jail.
Kemba Smith: Young lady, smart, had a full scholarship to college. Started dating a fellow student, she didn’t realize he wasn’t a student, but a drug dealer. She was arrested for being a drug dealer. She was sentenced to 25 years. She was also pregnant.
5. Pardon (24) release of punishment
Example: President Bush gave a blanket pardon to thousands of illegal immigrants so they could become citizens of the United States.
6. Commutation (24) a chief executive (governor or president) has the power to reduce a sentence or fine
Example: Former Governor of Illinois, George Ryan has commutated, he discovered that there were people on death row so he decided to commute their sentences to life.
7. Reprieve (24) to postpone an execution Example: Bredeson reprieved a inmate named Glassman and gave him a new trial. He was accused of killing a police officer. He thought the cop died by friendly fire so they postponed his execution till they could investiage. He was found guilty again and was put to death by lethal injection.
8. Mayor vs. City Manager: (25) Mayors are elected by the people.
The city manager has the same duties as the mayor, but he is appointed by the legislative (City Council), not elected.
· Mayor: Is Elected by the people
· Manager: Is Appointed (Chosen)
1. You cannot fire the mayor because the people elect him. You can have him recalled
2. You can fire a City Manager.
9. Regressive Taxation (25) is a flat rate that you pay. Ex. SALES TAX
10. Progressive Taxation (25) is based on ones ability to pay.
Example: If you make more money then you pay more in taxes. STATE TAX and Federal INCOME TAX.
11. Budget (25) allocating your resources accordingly. HOW YOURE GOING TO SPEND YOUR MONEY.
12. Deficit (455) Your expenditures (spending) more money than your bringing in (revenue) (more $ going out than coming in)
· Local/Memphis: deficit is over a million dollars
· State: Deficit over a billion dollars
· Federal: Deficit over a trillion dollars
13. Surplus (455) when your revenue exceeds (is greater) than your expenditures. (more $$ coming in than going out)
14. Federalism (1) Federalism: is when the different levels of government (local, state, federal) share powers
Example: NCLB No Child Left Behind, was mandated at a federal level and carried out at the local level. Schools must be in compliance with NCLB according to federal law. If schools aren’t in compliance, they are taken over by the state.
15. Separation of power (1) three separate branches: executive, judicial, and legislative.
Example:
Þ Executive branch: Enforce the laws
Þ Legislative branch: To make laws
Þ Judicial branch: To interpret laws
16. Charter (24) a legal document that states the laws, the boundaries, the name, and how the governments going to be set up.
A charter is approved at a state level. It can be approved or denied.
Example: School charter:
17. Public Policy (1) can the agreed upon ways that government fulfills their responsibility. Example: Rules, Laws
18. Government (1) is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies.
19. Public Agency: agencies that are run by the government
20. Private Agency: agencies run by private companies
Questions:
1. What are the four characteristics of a state? Sovereignty, Population, Territory, Government
2. What is sovereignty? Independence
3. What are the four theories of how nation states originated?
· Force Theory: The force theory states that one person or a small group took control of an area and forced all within it to submit to that person’s or group’s rule. Example: Roman Empire
· Divine Right Theory: God created the state and gave certain people the right to rule because of their bloodline. Example: King Queen.
· Social Contract Theory: argues that the state arose out of a voluntary act of free people. Example: United States
· Evolutionary Theory: The evolutionary theory argues that the state evolved naturally out of the early family. Example: Native Americans
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